The surgical delivery of a baby with the help of cut in the uterus and abdomen of mother is called cesarean section , Cesarean birth or C section .Dr used this procedure of baby delivery when they believe it is safe for the baby , the mother or both of them. The incision is formed in the skin is may be up and down or vertical.
Types of Incision which are made in the abdomen skin:
Across from side to side or horizontal:
Horizontal incision is mostly used because it heal rapidly and well and in this incision bleeding is very less .In this incision is spread across the public hairline. Horizontal incision is considered the safest one. Up and down or vertical: In this incision extends or spread from the belly button to pubic hairline. This incision is not commonly used. Vertical incision gives greater access to pelvic area to surgeon. Actually in this incision surgeon follow natural skin lines so it leaves thinner scar in the skin.
Lateral incision:
Lateral or side incision are used at the side of hip region. Front side used an incision at the front of the hip while anterior Lateral incision used at the side of hip, slightly to the front of your body. Which type incision is used depending upon the health of mother or the baby? .the horizontal and vertical incision both are used in mother. C section is a fatal delivery in which abdomen or uterus incision are used. The name of abdomen incision is laparotomy and incision in the uterus is called hysterectomy.
Mostly surgeon used abdominal incision rather than uterus incision and normally incision are 4 to 6 inches.
Types of Incision:
- Pfannenstiel.
- Thoracoabdomina
- Chevron.
- Lanz
- Gridiron
- Kochar incision.
- Para median incision.
Midline incision. This incision is mostly traditionally used by surgeons.
Layers of C section:
There are seven layer in the skin Fat, rectus sheath, Rectus, the parietal, peritoneum, the loose peritoneum and then uterus which is very thick muscular layer. Two form of C section on the base of direction of incision on the abdomen classical cut and bikini cut .bikini cut is mostly used and popular because it heals rapidly and has less pain after
Steps in C section:
- Cesarean section prepared and used of anesthesia.
- Initial Incision.
- Follow up incision.
- Sectioning of Amniotic Fluids.
- Delivery of Baby’s Head.
- Delivery of baby shoulder and body.
- Finally baby born.
- Closed the incision.
Conditions in which cesarean section used:
In a condition when you are not able to delivery baby through vagina then used cesarean section to diver the baby. Or sometimes during labor it is used because of many others issues. Twin or other multiples. Because in this case normal delivery is very difficult and women suffer from severe pain. So if Dr diagnose u have twins or more then cesarean section is best option for mother and child health both.
Pervious cesarean section:
Active herpes sores in the vagina of mother or uterus. In any issues like soreness is present at vagina or uterus then C section is best option to prevent from any further complications. Many medical conditions such as diabetes, blood pressure or HIV infections.
Size of baby:
If size of fetus is too large and delivery form vagina is difficult then we go for cesarean section to prevent form any complications. Placenta problems. In placenta problems includes placenta Previa in this condition placenta blocks the cervix.Problems during labor. If labor not occur properly and fail to progress further. Abnormal position of baby during birth time. Normally the position of baby is head down .but sometimes baby position is not good and it cause normal delivery impossible. So it is necessary to go for cesarean section. Abnormal fetal heart rate. The heart rate tell us about the fetus health and what he is doing. The normal heart is lies between 120 and 160 beats per minute. If fetal heart rate is disturb and show any problems then emergency measure are done such as changing the position of the mother by intake of oxygen to mother or by giving fluids to mother. If by doing all this heart rate of baby not improve then go for cesarean. Risk Factors of cesarean section: Disturbing bowl movements. Blood clotting .If patients remain bed ridden after surgery or cesarean section then I because blood clotting and deep venous thrombosis which leads to other sever complications. Problems in urinary system or urinary tract infections. Infections occur in wounds. Uterus infections. If uterus infections occur then the chance of next pregnancy is reduced and cause many problems to healing and mother actual health and hormonal issues also occur due to this. Injury occur at bladder. Sometimes during inserting or removing urinary catheter an infection occur at bladder which cause many problems such as pain during urination.
Problems occur during the separation of placenta:
- Bleeding.
- Some medicine cause reactions during surgery.
- After one cesarean section then women not able to go for normal delivery in future. Because it’s totally depend upon the uterine incision.
- Patients can get emotionally disturb.
- Fever due to infections.
- Scar tissues.
- Injury to organ.
- In cesarean uterus rupture is occur so if u go for more cesarean sections then the chance of rupturing uterus is increase.
- Swelling at incision side.
- Pain at incision site.
- Foul smell in vaginal discharge.
- Painful urination.
- Redness at incision site.
Pus discharging:
Pus discharging cause very severe problem from operation site .it not only disturb the patient but also cause infection at operation site and disturb its healing. By this healing is disturb and delayed. Internal bleeding. If internal bleeding occur it cause many problems and complications which leads to damage internal structures and organs. Sometime in any infection occurs inside the abdomen it cause major complications after the cesarean section. Sometimes this infection is not treated with medicines and cause further problems such as damaging of organs.
Things which ready for cesarean delivery are given:
- Dr must tell about the whole procedure of cesarean section and u can ask questions about any type related to this procedure.
- You have to inform to patients about your sensitivity issues like allergy to any medication, latex, iodine tap or anesthesia.
- Dr must ask about the medication which u are using like vitamins, herbs and supplements.
- Dr must give medication to reduce the level of acid in your stomach. So this help to dry the secretions in your mouth and breathing airway.
- U also must tell about the bleeding disorders and u are taking any blood-thinner such as aspirin. Dr told to stop these medicines before surgery.
- Dr asked to sign a consent form which provides permission to follow that procedure and u can ask questions about this procedure openly and if anything unclear then ask it clearly.
- Someone must be stay with patients after cesarean section for the care of u and baby because in starting few days pain irritate the patient top
Things happen during cesarean section:
Cesarean section must be done in specific delivery room or operation room .the procedure of C section must be depend upon patients conditions and Dr way of treating the patient during surgery or its practice.
In some conditions patients are awake during cesarean section. Actually in some rare conditions the general anesthesia is used which cause patients to deep sleep. Normally the regional anesthesia used such as epidural or spinal. By giving this anesthesia patients not feeling anything below the waist and patient is aware of any thing and she can see baby as it born.
Process during cesarean section:
In first the patient wear the gown.
Then set the patient in operation room.
Urinary catheter may be put in the patient bladder.
IV line is set in the arm or hand.
At surgical site hair must be removed and this area is sanitized with antiseptic solution.
The anesthesiologist must be look at your blood pressure blood oxygen level and breathing .because in case of any complications he can take immediate step to recover the patient.
When anesthesia given to patient then after this incision is made vertical or horizontal by this we can hear the sounds of electrocautery machine that block the bleeding.
After this Dr Make the incision deep as it reach to muscle and then reached to uterine wall .then give final incision at uterine to deliver the baby through it.
Then cut the baby umbilical cord.
Then used medicine to contract the uterus.
After this remove the placenta and then examine the uterus.
Then used sutures to close the incision and uterine muscle.
Then Dr close the muscle and then skin with the help of sutures.
Pain in C- section:
During C-section patient not feel any type of pain because of anesthesia, although patients feel pulling or pressure sensation during this .patients are mostly aware of everything done during regional anesthesia. She can see her baby as it born. Pain occur if any wrong thing occur or anesthesia wear off earlier so patients feel severe pain then in this case emergency painkillers through IV is given to control the pain after surgery.
After cesarean section following things happened in hospital:
After cesarean section female nurse look after your patients by checking patients heart rate, blood pressure, pulse, bleeding and contraction of uterus.
Normally after cesarean section the baby and mother both are in recovery room. Sometime baby has to put in nursery because of some care. Breastfeeding start to baby in.
After 2 3 hour you can move to within the recovery room but in starting 20 hours it’s too difficult for patients to walk or move after cesarean section.
After the anesthesia wears off then painkillers must be given to patient because patients can’t feel pain which is too severe. Painkillers is given with the help of IV. Sometimes epidural catheter is used to give painkillers.
After cesarean section or delivery patients may feel gas pain due to disturbing of intestinal tract so for to release this gas patients has to move in the recovery room getting ease of it .
Some Dr Give medicine to release the gas. Patients also feel the pain of uterine contractions which continues after few days.
Urinary catheter must be removed after one day of surgery.
Liquid such as juice is given to patient after some hour of cesarean section and some solid start as patient can handle it.
Antibiotics medicine of high doze is start thorough IV to prevent from infection and proper healing
Care after cesarean section at home:
- Don’t go for sex after cesarean section as your Dr not allow you .Dr also advised to reduced or cut down your other activities like jumping, driving or lifting.
- U have to use sanitary pads to control the bleeding. Vaginal contractions because pain after some says so don’t be get panic if you feel cramps after this.
- For pain used high potency painkillers because pain irritate you more after cesarean section.
- Follow up visit to Dr must be required after cesarean section.
- If any of following complications occur then must consult to your Dr:
- Chill or fever.
- Pain in legs.
- Chest pain or heart pain.
- Difficult breathing.
- Increase pain.
- Smell from vaginal discharge.
- Bleeding increase form vagina.
- Belly pain.
- Disadvantage of cesarean section:
In the wounds the chance of infections increases which cause discharge form the wounds, swelling, pain, and redness.
Wound lining get infections having symptoms such as fever, vaginal bleeding, belly pain, discharge increase from vagina and temperature.
Sometimes bleeding increase to much as urgent blood transfusion in severe cases is required. In some case surgery is needed to stop or control the bleeding.
DVT, blood clotting in patient’s legs, and it becomes dangerous if it moves to the lungs.
Bladder or the tubes get damaged that connect the kidneys and bladder then for this management next surgery is required.
Risks to your baby:
C section in babies cause problems which are following:
Sometime a minor cut in the skin of infant this is actually because womb is opened by chance but this cut is not major so heals without any problems.
In some baby breathing issues occur in the baby which born after 39 weeks of pregnancy. But this issue get solve within few days and baby care is specially taken in hospital.
If after discharge from hospital baby again has breathing difficulties then again consult from Dr.
Future pregnancies become risky:
- Normal case women which undergo foe cesarean section not any problems in future pregnancies.
- Women which undergo foe cesarean section in next pregnancy she can go for normal delivery for which is known as vaginal birth after caesarean.
- But in some situations another C section is required.
- The scar open up in mother womb.
- Placenta not normally attacked with the wall of the womb which leads to many placental problems.
- Tell about any problems to your Dr.
Actually it is very important topic that as cesarean section is better or normal delivery then the answer is that it’s actually depend upon the situation in some case normal delivery prove dangerous to mother and fetus both then we must be go for cesarean section rather than normal delivery.
Benefits of cesarean section:
- It low the risk of incontinence.
- It reduced sexual problems after baby birth.
- It also reduced the risk of lower the oxygen level during delivery.
- It also reduced the risk of trauma in baby during delivery passing through birth canal.
- By this female get rid of labor pain which is most difficult time for females.
- By this female vagina remain tight because head of baby not pass through this.
- You can take shower and go for walk after 24 hour of surgery.
- Cesarean delivery is done after 39 weeks of pregnancy when infant is fully developed and mature.
To recover form cesarean section almost on the average 6 weeks is must be required but it’s time vary from patients to patients .because some patients are healthy and they recover faster than others .if any complications is not present then recovery is fast and also depend upon good diet .Good diet is very important for healing form surgery.
Cesarean section cause pain free delivery of baby which is very attractive feature of it and women mother avoided labor pain so she is in favor of cesarean section.
Diet best after cesarean section:
- Grains, whole grains.
- Protein intake is very important after this. Because protein help to grow new tissues and increase the healing process.
- Minerals
- Calcium containing foods also necessary.
- Fiber containing foods.
- Iron rich foods.
- Easily digestible foods.
- Fluids like juice fresh.
- Orange, watermelon, grapes are very best fruits after surgery because they not only provide vitamins but also increase immune system.
- Egg, fish, meat highly recommended after surgery for healing and reducing the weakness caused by pregnancy or cesarean section.
- Iron rich foods are mostly green vegetables which also contain high fiber proves beneficial after cesarean section.
- Supplements and vitamins must be used in artificial way to compensate the weakness caused by pregnancy and C section. Mostly ca supplements and vitamin D are mostly used to strengthen the bone and immune system.
- Milk is a good diet and prove very beneficial after cesarean section because it contain large amounts of vitamins and Iron which is very important. Milky is also necessary for breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is start after 24 hour of surgery.
